Blog # 4

 Selection 32: Our Stolen Future
      Theo Colborn and associates explore the widespread carcinogenic effects of synthetic industrial chemicals. Colborn has researched extensively for the World Wildlife Fund connecting numerous studies on the physiological problems that arise from exposure to industrial chemicals. This essay brings forth research data on the effects of more than 50 synthetic compounds and the negative implications of hormone disruptors.  The authors highlight the common evolutionary history between humans and animals, both sharing similar hormone distribution. There is an ongoing debate whether humans will have the same fate effected wildlife from chemical contaminants. Scientists explain that synthetic chemicals scramble messages being sent by natural chemicals in the body. Through use of diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic hormone studies have shown that scrambling happens to species and humans alike. In the past decade research on endocrine disruptors has increased. Although full scientific data is currently unavailable, data from various studies has been compiled to aid in filling the gaps. Evidence suggests that just as animals are at risk humans are also at risk. Members from the scientific research community have concluded that hormone disruptors are jeopardizing human future. Effects include widespread embryonic development. Genital and reproductive abnormalities have increased over the past decade. Increased research is necessary and precautions over chemical control need to be established before there is a catastrophic human impact that is irreversible.

Selection 31: Living Downstream: An Ecologist Looks at Cancer and the Environment
      Sandra Steingraber, biologist eloquently and passionately discusses the dire need for further research on environmental factors that contribute to cancer. This essay is comprised of excerpts from her book, Living Downstream. The author outlines the numerous carcinogenic chemicals such as benzene that are allowed to flow through our environment. Sandra begins by sharing the high rates of cancer amongst her family members, including herself.  Researchers often equate cancer to heredity and tend not to focus on the correlation between families and their shared environments. The author points out the dramatic disparity in funding between the two. She shares compelling evidence of the effects of carcinogens, aromatic amines, used in many industrial processes. Steingraber conveys that the persistent release of carcinogenic chemicals in water systems and consumer goods is having a grave impact on cancer rates. Spare research ha been conducted as to the possible interactions of these chemicals. Many daunting questions remain, such as what are the risks of multiple exposures? Steingraber believes strongly that unchecked, unregulated exposure to these harmful carcinogens is a human rights violation. She also suggests that more funding be channeled towards environmental exposure and cancer rates. The author highly encourages the "principle of the least toxic alternative" that seeks safe alternatives from removing weeds to cleaning supplies. Must provide safe alternative and move away from current system of simply limiting use of toxic chemicals.

Selecion 34: Environmental Justice for All
    The compelling article, Environmental Justice for All uncovers the history and environmental burdens placed on racial minorities and those economically disadvantaged. He begins by outlining the history of environmental justice, beginning in the early 1970's with a lawsuit binging to light the highly disproportionate number of landfills that were located in Black communities. Many other groundbreaking lawsuits followed including PCB dump sites located mostly in poor, Black neighbourhoods. These lawsuits fueled the Environmental Justice movement and policy legislation. These lawsuits also brought into light "environmental racism" issues where hazardous wastes were being dumped in minority neighbourhoods, never affluent ones. Bullard outlines the progress and success of many grassroots groups including "Citizens Against Toxic Exposure" which successfully lead the EPA to relocate hundreds of families away from a dioxin test site. Bullard discusses the difficulty in gaining support at the governmental level. Political terms create environmental shortsightedness. The Bush administration has eroded environmental policy significantly, allowing pollution to continue to spew into the environment at alarming rates. Bullard concludes that the same environmental protection applied to wealthy suburbia needs to apply to the economically disadvantaged and minority groups as this is a complete and absolute human rights violation.

Selection 10: Life and Death of Salt Marshes
       This selection focuses on the invaluable salt marsh research compiled by John and Mildred Teal. The begin by expanding on the ecological importance, diversity, life and variations found within coastal marshes. Highlighting the variability of "Spartina" grasses dependent on tides and season. They expand on the disparity between the health of an undisturbed marsh and one that has been transformed by development. They refer to these marshes as sick marshes, which release the pungent scent of hydrogen sulfide. Through their extensive research, the ecological importance of marshes has led to conservation efforts to protect these diverse systems. Millard suggest solutions to the anthropocentric destruction of these integral marshes. They explain the importance of preservation and its benefits to the human population. For example, they suggest sustainable access points such as boat launches, to curtail destruction caused by numerous access points. The Millards believe that the federal government and developers need to work together to conserve these salt marshes as they play an integral role in the health of the planet, in turn the health of the human population.

                                                          
Selection 12: Ecosystem and Human Well-Being
    This article focuses on the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) that was put in place in 2001. The MEA focuses in ecosystem change and degradation and how these changes effect human well-being. This assessment includes available collaborative data on ecosystem change at a global scale. The article begins by addressing the substantial impact human have placed on ecosystem services over the past 50 years. Many of these practices including commercial water usage and fishing are carried out in an unsustainable fashion and are greatly effecting the well-being and livelihood of economically disadvantaged nations. The author explains MEA goals attempt to meet the triple bottom life with an emphasis on equality for women, access to safe drinking water, finding sustainable solutions to food security issues. The MEA targets are hard to reach when countries are unwilling to make substantial shifts in policy on the governmental and social behaviour level. Shifts towards sustainability must be made in order for these goals to be met. Degradation to ecosystem pose many great risks for human well-being which include loss of arable land, food security, loss of access to safe drinking water and resources for future generations. The report outline that positive outcome scenarios can only be successful with drastic policy changes. Sustainable management of ecosystem is integral to the health f the global population. Drastic shifts in governmental policy must be made to support ecosystem integrity before our current ecological problems reach catastrophic status

Activity: Carl Honore Praises Slowness
    Carl Honore author of In Praise of Slow offers a compelling lecture on the importance of the slow movement. A movement that manifested itself out of concern for a world that is obsessed with speed and its implications on human health as well as the environmental health. Honore draws attention the negative implications of an exponentially speed up society. These effect are far ranging from burnout, mental health issues and environmental degradation. In our society time is money, speed is seen as productive and efficient we stuck on a hamster wheel trying to reach linear deadlines. Sadly the rate of children negatively effected by this trend is ever increasing. Children are following rigorous schedules, nearing burnout at young age. Honore offers an alternative to this chaotic and harmful lifestyle. A conscious effort must be made against the social taboo that slow equals lazy and unproductive. This is simply not the case. Many European countries have adopted the slow movement framework and have proved that less time working equals increased productivity, improvements in health and well-being for people as well as the environment. Horone urges us to slow down in order to enjoy life at its fullest, a task that requires substantial effort as it is no easy feat in our fast paced societies. I agree whole heartedly with this mindset. It find it a hard feat to accomplish as it takes patience, diligence and a certain "going against the grain mentality" and an increased sense of awareness. Being in university makes for a very chaotic, fast paced existence. I despise that feeling!  It's difficult to draw balance and enjoy the roses sometimes but boy is it beneficial in the long run.

      

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/carl_honore_praises_slowness.html

      I enjoy canoeing as it gives me a chance to slow my mind and my body, I don't want to rush because I don't want to miss the view. I took this picture on a solo trip to B.C.

Save Our Lake-Nature of Things
http://www.cbc.ca/video/#/Shows/The_Nature_of_Things/1242300217/ID=1867857094

Reflection: Take some time considering your core values and how you might live according to these values more fully.  I sat with this reflection for sometime, thinking about past and present life situations and circumstances that have shaped my core values. Many of my core values reflect my deep respect, gratitude, appreciation of Earth and the natural systems that are intrinsically connected. I have quite a few deep core values that I try to adhere strongly to because they drive me on this journey of mine. I value awareness, responsibility, creativity, community, stewardship and curiosity deeply. Awareness or introspection into self. When you know yourself deeply you start to realize your strengths, your power and can take responsibility for your actions because you realize that you are in control. Responsibility for my actions and my choices as a friend, as a consumer as an environmental advocate. I do not have to adhere to the 'american dream' that bombards us from all angles, I have the power, the ability to create a lifestyle, a  family, a community a life that reflects deep respect and connection with other creatures on this earth be it human or be it chick-a-dee. Having less is truly having more. I grew up in a family that made the best out of what we had, there was no incessant shopping or focus on material wealth, if anything this was deeply frowned upon in my family through the generations. We spent a lot of time outdoors, we camped, we explored the woods, we were allowed to get dirty, climb trees, dig our hands into the soil. This was the base for some of my deepest core values of stewardship, preservation and bringing environmental/ wilderness education to the wider community. I have a very strong pull in me to follow these values and start to plant them in the community. I can live more fully according to these values in many ways. One way is by remaining aware of what these values mean and how I can play them out in meaningful ways, be it finding a job that is in line with my ethics or taking part in community initiatives such as a community bikeshop or spring clean up. There are so many opportunities available around me that are in line with my values and will aid in expanding and broadening them.My next step is to find a summer job that is meaningful, I would really like to have a position where I am guiding folks into the wilderness for excursions, I would love to be immersed in that setting and help bring greater environmental/wilderness education to the broader community.

                                                Setting out for some back country adventure

                                                                 Lucy the super camper

                                                    My two dogs loving Riding Mountain



Kahlil Gibran: Poet of the Ecology of Life
http://www.alhewar.com/Gibran_Eco.htm

Ecopsychology and the Nature Connection 
http://www.ecopsychology.org/journal/gatherings8/html/spirit/spirit&action_tp.html

    I am going to continue this blog as this class comes to an end. It has been a fantastic way to share my thoughts and reflections. It has helped to galvanize my passion for the Earth and that I seem to be on the right path. Feeling very thankful at this moment.  Thanks for reading! 

Blog # 3

Activity 

Saving Life on Earth by E.O Wilson

          E.O Wilson provides a compelling lecture on the importance of exploring and researching the Earths biosphere. Wilson, a renowned biologist and naturalist advocates for the search of life forms yet to be identified, an increased understanding of biodiversity and its preservation. His enduring respect, appreciation and conservation efforts are inspiring. Wilson discusses how his upbringing lead him to become a myrmecologist-specialist on ants. He explores the reality that out of 1.5 million species, only 64,000 are known to science. Wilson refers to this unknown realm as “hidden diversity” such as bacteria where over 4 million species are unknown, which serve important symbiotic relationships with other organisms. He successfully brings the viewers attention to the importance of this mysterious aspect of the biosphere, what role do these organisms play? How do they interact with other organisms? Wilson continues speaking about how innovative technology and research has led to the discovery of numerous new species and organisms, including new two new species of whales. Wilson warns that that human activities such as habitat destruction and pollution are degrading the Earth's biosphere at alarming rates since the onslaught of the industrial revolution. Numerous species are driven to extinction due to exploitation and over-harvesting. If these unsustainable patterns continue species will be wiped out before we know of their existence. Since the knowledge of the Earth's biosphere is incomplete the author strongly states that we are “flying into our environmental future blindly”. To better understand the Earth's biosphere, Wilson promotes the “Encyclopedia of Life”. A web-based encyclopedia, with submissions from scientists worldwide, accessible to all. This tool would faciliate education and a deeper understanding of the biosphere, providing inspiration for its preservation. (GO Wilson Go!)

E.O Wilson Biodiversity Foundation http://www.eowilson.org/index.php

Summaries 

  Selection: 29 Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems  By: David Pimental et al.
    This article discusses the sustainability of organic farming technologies, including increased integrity of soils and health for populations. David Pimentel, an agriculture Proffesor outlines the numerous other positive results. Organic farming is economically viable, with profit margins comparable or exceeding those of conventional farming ones. Pimental outlines the major impact that conventional agricultural system have on our environment, including excessive chemical use and reliance on herbicides. Excessive nutrients poison bodies of water, contributing to dead zones.  Results based on a 22 year trial farm, which compared organic and conventional farming techniques were based on criteria such as environmental impacts and feasibility. Although results varied among system and crops, the environmental benefits including reduced chemical output and water conservation were greatest in the organic system. Crop yields were comparable to conventional systems. Pimental advocates for integrated pest and nutrient management system that are environmentally sustainable and further, preserve the integrity of soil and water resources. This article promotes the adoption of organic technologies into conventional farms as it is a viable way of moving towards sustainability. In conclusion Pimental states the numerous benefits of organic farming based on the 22 year trial farm study. Benefits include higher soil organic matter aiding in the preservation of water resources, decreased fossil fuel use, reduction of soil erosion and pesticide use. 

Selection 41: Womens Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation By: Vandana Shiva

       Vandana Shiva, a renowned feminist and physicist explores how women's Indigenous knowledge is integral to the preservation of biodiversity. Shiva draws important parallels between the domination of nature and the domination of women through societal, patriarchal frameworks. In our current dominant system Nature is exploited for economic gain, thus destroying biodiversity at an alarming rate. This loss of diversity is driven by a patriarchal system that promotes monoculture and uniformity. Shiva promotes the view that women bare the knowledge of diversity preservation. Worldwide, practices that support livlihoods and sustainability are carried out by women, especially in the third world. As they tend cattle, vegetables, herd animals the preservation of biodiversity is imperative as this promotes the continuation of life. Globally women's work often remains invisible because the immense work of women often crosses "market-related" boundaries. Womens Indigenous knowledge is often the binding agent that maintains stability and productivity. Shiva examines the different world of women's biodiversity conservation including seed sharing that is deeply ingrained in culture. Biotechnology does not serve to secure life, but to produce profit. Shiva concludes by discussing the threat that GMO's have on biodiversity, including lack of full scientific understanding. Preservation begins by unearthing women's preservation knowledge, not by submitting to patriarchal transnationals such as Monsanto. 




Section 9: Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems By: Peter M. Vitousek et al
    
      As the global population increases so do the mass by-products that we create opening the door to increased environmental degradation. Human influnce on Earth's systems has increased since the onslaught on the Industrial Revolution. Human influence and degradation is found globally, reaching far corners of our planet. This essay discusses the drastic effects humans are placing on the Earth's ecosystems. The authors outline land surface changes caused by agriculture, forestry and urbanization as being the most abundant anthropocentric change on the Earth's surface. In turn these changes cause substantial shifts in biogeochemical cycles and compromise the integrity of ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity is directly correlated with land transformation, as well as effecting local, regional climate and sediment runoff. 
    Humans are heavily altering marine ecosystems by destroying coastal wetlands, over-fishing, fostering habitat damage by using harmful fishing practices such as dredging. The essay outlines major changes that anthropocentric development is having on biogeochemical cycles. Excess nitrogen from fertilizer use is creating toxic algae putting marine fisheries at serious risk. Reduction of available water is decreasing drastically by an increase in agricultural irrigation. Human activities are creating consequences that can no longer be ignored. Authors suggest dramatically reducing our alteration rate. As well as increase our understanding of Earth' systems, to take responsibility for our actions so we can manage the planet in a sustainable way. 




Class and Blog Reflections 

    As I sit here I realize how thankful I am for being enrolled in this class. The information I have obtained from this class has truly been a catalyst for me to put my ethics into action, to research and to be outspoken about my environmental ethics.  I am especially interested in conservation and the implications that fragmentation has on various ecosystems and the inhabitants that reside in them. Over reading week I traveled by train to Churchill. The tundra is a beautiful place to be, the landscape initiates calm, curiosity and a love for stillness. The North has its own challenging environmental issues.  It was interesting to see the pristine boreal forest interrupted by hundreds of feet of cut lines for transmission , the tailings ponds from nickel mines that littered the landscape, garbage and abandoned buildings, automobiles and sealed barrels filled with some unknown substance. It's too costly to remove "junk". I visited the garbage dump to spend some time at a raven roost near by, there was so much salvageable material to be had in that dump!  Talking with locals there was a lot of apathy towards environmental issues, nobody could tell me if what happens with their recyclables..many people were under the impression that everything was thrown out...shipped off on a barge.

 Maintaining Habitat Connectivity: http://www.natureconservancy.ca/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7701&abbr=on_ncc_&news_iv_ctrl=-1

Churchill Northern Studies Center: http://www.churchillscience.ca/

1. What role if any should zoos play in conservation/education? Is it ethical to keep animals in zoos?

         There are over 10,000 zoos worldwide. I question how many of these zoos are not properly monitored or regulated for ethical practices, how many animals perish due to forced living conditions that are grotesquely unnatural? I have great opposition to zoos in general, though they do provide 'conservation' and 'education' to the public I feel that the animals held in captivity pay the ultimate price. A life of constant display, repetition, distress and ultimately a life of  unnatural consequences.

       For many children including myself, the Assiniboine zoo provided an introduction to "wild" animals and a catalyst for curiosity. Unless attending with a group where you have access to zoo staff that facilitate education on the various animals I found and still find that the signage is severely lacking in appeal and does not address any of the issues that the animals face in captivity. How many people pay attention to these plaques? Instead I have witnessed on numerous occasions children yelling at the animals, and on one occasion a child hurling rocks at the black bear.  A simple stroll through the zoo elicits despair for me. The state that many of the zoos that I have visited are in make me truly stand behind my belief that at present they are not ethical for animals.  I think that many of the animals, especially the large mammals like the leopards and tigers have inadequate living quarters. These animals need space to roam, not to be confined to small spaces where they are constantly for the most part, visible to the public. In my opinion the thought of the Assiniboine zoo conjures up images of an outdated jail. Are zoos really aiding in conservation? Or is the money spent on advertising and infrastructure for human use and for profit? Are larger enclosures that resemble natural habitats out of the question? How natural is it for an animal to live on pavement? I think zoos are unethical because for the most part the animals seem severely unstimulated (take a stroll past the bear enclosure at the zoo). Life is pre-fabricated and predictable. I do think that zoos can play an important role in education, using increased multi-media, theatre that is child centered,  fossils etc. I believe that animals such as bears and elephants with a strong migration drive need to be removed from zoos permanently and  placed in sanctuaries (if possible) that resemble their natural habitat. 

                                                    Preparing fresh moose meat in Churchill

2. Consider your food system. What do you like about it? What don't you like about it?

      My food politics have really begun to evolve over the past few years. As much as I am a part and a consumer of the conventional food system that is presented to me  (a system that is often inundated with health and environmental implications) I realize that I have healthy alternatives right here in Manitoba to choose from.  I am deeply concerned about the conventional food system, about nutrition, safety, accessibility for low income families and the dramatic land transformation and degradation that conventional agriculture is having on our Earth. This environmental degradation will continue if we remain unconnected and apathetic to our current food system. Cheap food and convenience food from the supermarket is truly an illusion, the land, the animals, and exploited labour pay the ultimate price. Our current food system lacks transparency. I want to know WHAT is in my food, what food is GMO? Where did my food come from? Were people exploited?

Eutrophication from agricultural runoff is harming Lake Winnipeg, we need to look at our current system and move towards sustainability. We need to feed the world and it is time to seek alternatives that are sustainable, by implementing more organic and biodynamic farming techniques.

      There are many alternative options in Winnipeg. Options that are sustainable, promote community connections and sharing. I am a huge advocate of gardening! It is a wonderful thing to grow your own food and to share the bounty. Some ideas to get involved with food system alternatives are planting a garden, attend  free workshops at the U of M pertaining to gardening. Community gardens empower communities and provide a hand up instead of a hand out. Request a plot at a community garden. Attend farmers markets, make your own jam, can your own fruits and vegetables, dry your own herbs to use over the winter. Compost! I choose to eat as many home cooked meals as I can. Being a student I am on a very fixed budget but I still have managed to make delicious home cooked meals that often contain local produce, grains and poultry from organic, small scale farms. It is so important to learn how to grow your own food sustainably so we can pass down this knowledge to future generations, building community and giving back to the land is truly invaluable.

KNOW YOUR FARMER!

Buy Manitoba local grown and raised grain and meat here : West Central Local Food Buying Group https://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dFE5aTAxdXNVenk2NnRneTRfTk1TWVE6MA#gid=0

 

Great information is available from Manitoba Alternative Food Research Alliance 

http://www.localandjust.ca/tag/manitoba-alternative-food-research-alliance/

                  Join the U of M Student Community Garden!

      http://uofmgarden.pbworks.com/w/page/7862386/FrontPage

                                                              

   

Blog #2

Offline Activity: Exploring Lake Winnipeg in Winter
     This past weekend I went snowshoeing on Lake Winnipeg with a great friend and my three dogs. What an adventure. We started at Beaconia Marsh which is located on the southern tip of the lake basin. My family has owned land down the road from the marsh for over thirty years. Since I was a child I have spent my summers connecting with this land and its various ecosystems. This is the land where I learned gardening technique from my grandparents and became fascinated with wildlife such as the coyote and the whippoorwill. This land has also promoted depth to the value I hold towards Nature. On our land we have two small dwellings with no electricity or running water, I love how it promotes an ancient way of knowing and being and brings into sharp relief how we take these resources for granted.
               We traveled across the frozen marsh by snowshoe, willows and reeds were poking through the ice, dunes of snow dominated the landscape. We passed a beaver dam still visible amongst the frozen drifts. Ravens appeared every few minutes within the backdrop of an ever changing sky.  What a contrast from the summer when the marsh is teaming with waterfowl, carp, turtles and aquatic plants.  As we approached the frozen expanse of the lake my mentality shifted from suburban bombardment  to natural rhythm. I truly embraced this shift, elicited by re-connection. Society pushes productivity, consumption, exploitation, a go-go-go approach to life, Nature reminds me this is not natural.  As unaffected this ecosystem appears in the winter it is a different story come spring time. Eutrophication, pollution, fragmentation development are all threatening the integrity of lake Winnipeg and surrounding marshlands. My dad has written many letters to the Free Press and the Rural Municipality about the implications of ATV use on Beaconia
http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editor/null-40073637.html

 Action: Eastern Beaches Conservation Coalition: http://www.ebconservation.ca/

    After two hours on the ice we made our way back, thankful for the change of scenery. With tired legs and exhausted dogs we said our thanks to the land and vowed that this land was too important to forget about....

Following this adventure I finally completed my Womens Wilderness Blog...my attempt at building community and re-connecting with Nature http://womenswildernessgroup.blogspot.com/

Reading Summaries

Selection 6: The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis  
    Lynn White Jr. explores the complex relationship between religion and how it has influenced our current ecological crisis. The author examines how Christian doctrine has promoted an anthropocentric lexicon that has justified the degradation of the environment. Further White examines how environmental values are conditioned by religion, namely Christian doctrine that provides justification for humans dominion and exploitation of Nature. White exemplifies how biblical teachings over the past 1700 years have influenced people to dominate land and animals. Throughout history humans have notably altered their environments, from clearing farmland to deforestation often lead by the anthropocentric view that nature existed purely to serve man. The Industrial Revolution brought new technology that prompted a shift from utilizing the land based on need to one of exponential growth and exploitation. White examines how increased technology promotes increased resource extraction and degradation, citing widespread chemical use and technology such as the atom bomb that has the power to decimate life. With the diffusion of Christian doctrine and technology from one region to another, the anthropocentric mindset spread.  White heeds warning that these fundamentals need to be revised in order to approach our environmental crisis sensibly. He lays blame on dominant anthropocentric values that drive science and technological change that is exploitative and unsustainable. White cites Frances of Assisi as being one of the first individuals to actively rebel against exploitation driven by Christian dogma. The author concludes that unless we shift our fundamentals the equality of creatures will never be actualized and further environmental degradation will continue.

Selection 4:  A Sand County Almanac   By: Aldo Leopold
         Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) preservationist and environmentalist paved the way for the Federal Wilderness Act in 1964. A Sand County Almanac explores the importance of an ethical relationship amongst humans and the land and creatures that encompass them. Ever so poetically Leopold describes the intricate relationships within a mountain ecosystem. In the early 20th century it was common in 'wildlife management' to eradicate wolves from mountain ecosystems as they were viewed as destructive and unnecessary.   Poignantly Leopold describes how his view of 'managing' wolves shifted, realizing that the wolf played an integral role in maintaining balance on the mountain side.  This excerpt echos the value system of the 1930s, this era lacked ethics that passed the scope of humans.  Plants and animals were viewed as property with no intrinsic value placed on them. Leopold promotes the importance of the community concept, stating "that the individual us a member of a community of interdependent parts". Land ethic is an extension of this concept that includes the land and it ecological counterparts, we are inseparable from nature. Aldo places intrinsic value on the land, that it should be admired, respected and loved.  This essay also explores the economic barriers that impeded the adoption of a land ethic. Worth was often found in urban centers not in fields and forests. A deeper understanding of ecological processes would be crucial for understanding the intricate relationships that exist within ecosystems. Aldo envisioned the land ethic as a social movement that would diffuse throughout communities, gaining momentum and intellectual integrity.


Selection 26: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
     The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides scientific data pertaining to the causes,  effects and implications of greenhouse gas-induced climate change. The IPCC was created in response to the growing concern over the "greenhouse effect" and its detrimental implications. As direct observations and historical evidence accumulated climate change theory became reality. Scientists covering a broad range of disciplines assess available climate change data and and provide policymakers with observational data and projections of future changes in climate based on data. The report states that since the onset of industrial revolution green house gases, such as carbon dioxide have increased substantially, in turn increasing atmospheric concentrations. Fossil fuel use and agriculture as primary sources of CO2. Ice core samples provide data exhibiting that CO2 concentrations exceed natural range for over 650,000 years. These concentrations are drastically accelerated by anthropogenic activities. With the presence of high concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the report suggests a high likelihood of long-term climatic changes such as increase in arctic temperatures, changes in precipitation, extreme weather and the intensification of tropical hurricanes. This report contains stronger evidence and empirical data to support the implications of climate change than did the previous TAR report. The report offers compelling climate change models and projections of future changes in climate if emissions continue at present levels. This report prompts the reader to take climate change seriously and to lobby to the government for appropriate action.

Selection 15: More Profit with Less Carbon By: Amory B. Lovins
      Lovins promotes a transition from fossil fuel dependence to an energy system characterized by efficiency and renewable energy sources. He explores the fallacy that many policymakers and the general public use to justify their resistance to this transition, the idea that efficiency equals less. Lovins explains that it is a matter of doing more with less, and promotes using energy efficiently.  He states that there are many longstanding societal habits and rules such as subsidized water that impede the efficiency movement. Although the efficiency movement has been slow to catch on,    He promotes efficiency measures that use energy effectively such as implementing energy saving architecture, which in turn will save the U.S economy millions of dollars annually. The author supports new innovations in architecture that maximize energy usage optimizing large scale changes that produce multiple benefits such as proper insulation and window heat reflecting film on windows. Also explored is the need for improvements in automobile efficiency, namely building vehicles from lightweight durable materials that will aid in improving fuel efficiency. As sustainable communities, renewable energy sources gain momentum Lovins envisions a world that has transitioned away from carbon dependency. These cost effective shifts would promote climate stability as well as address political, social and environmental implications brought forth from fossil fuel dependence.





Selection 16: Reinventing the Energy System By: Christopher Flavin and Seth Dunn
       The oil embargo of the early 1970s brought forth a collective concern over potential future petroleum product crisis. Fossil fuel deposits continue to be depleted by mass global extraction and peak oil projections are within the next 100 years. As the global population, and environmental degradation increases, it has become increasingly  imperative to lay down foundation for the transition from unsustainable energy to sustainable sources.   Flavin and Dunn promote the emergence of an energy system that is not defined by fossil fuel consumption. Shifting to  sustainably sourced energy will aid in stabilizing CO2 levels. As technology, chemistry and science improve modified energy alternatives have begun to emerge, such as fuel cells. Flavin and Dunn underline that shifting to renewable energy would aid in meeting the needs of developing countries as well as stimulate development and economic growth as solar and wind can be harnessed in these regions where oil is often unavailable. A shift in values and lifestyle are imperative to the transition from fossil fuel dependent system to a renewable energy based system. This pursuit must be promoted by many facets of government, policymakers and the public in order to witness its emergence. Flavin and Dunn say that the time has come to shift back to a need based sustainable energy paradigm before a catastrophic energy crisis arises.


Selection 28: Food Scarcity: An Environmental Wakeup Call    By Lester Brown
     Lester Brown, founder of the World Watch Institute explores the reality of global food scarcity that has been accelerated by population growth and environmental degradation. With population increase, per capita food and water resources steadily decline. As agribusiness continues to flourish demand on water for irrigation increases leaving less water for communities. U.S. and China, leaders in grain production are facing mass aquifer depletion. Unsustainable and exploitative practices are threatening the global economy as seen with the collapse of the cod fisheries and arable land engulfed by desertification.   As these practices increase the global population the risk of water and food shortages is becoming a reality. Food scarcity, rising grain prices provide a wakeup call to re-think policy and shift to a sustainable food production paradigm. To secure the integrity of future generations Brown identifies that stabilizing climate and population are the most important factors. Brown also promotes a shift in reproduction behaviour, shift to sustainable energy,  reduce carbon emissions and increase environmental stewardship.







Blog Reflections 

1. Where do your environmental ethics lie?
     My environmental ethics lie within the cocentric framework. Although my ethics are still emerging and evolving I deeply connect with ecocentric principles.  Ecocentrism is a Nature centered value system, coined by conservationist, ecologist environmentalist Aldo Leopold. He strongly believed that humans and nature are interrelated in our evolution and life processes and that we are all connected to earth’s living energy.  On the end of the spectrum lies anthropocentrism, placing humans at the centre of the universe.  This framework promotes exploitation and conquest of the Earth, as well as its systems and resources. Anthropocentrism has promoted unsustainable practices, environmental degradation and justification for controlling and dominating the Earth. I place value on ecocentrism because it recognizes living and non-living systems, placing importance on the integrity of interactions and interconnectedness. It looks beyond individual organisms to a broader scope of ecosystem composition and ecological processes. The integrity of life depends on an interconnected web, preservation of connections and functions. National Geographics Wolves: A legend Returns  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hG9XxgRRRTk  exemplifies the importance of these connections in Yellowstone National Park.  Removal of wolves created mass imbalance of ecosystems in the park.  Anthropocentrims has a strong grip across social, political, economic and environmental structures worldwide. How long can we carry on existing with the mindset that humans are at the centre of the universe?
     As ecocentric ethics become more prominent in my life I am compelled to take inventory of my lifestyle, actions and connections with nature. For me this mean rejecting the "American Dream", a syndrome of over-consumption and apathy. Live more with less, personally connect with Nature and promote the importance of this connection to the broader community. I do experience ecocentrism in my community of friends. I see promoters of community gardens, local food initiatives and the uprising of community run bike shops. Let's step lightly on this Earth, honoring and respecting the integrity of its connections.
  

Humankind has not woven the web of life.
We are but one thread within it.
Whatever we do to the web, we do to ourselves.
All things are bound together.
All things connect.
~ Chief Seattle, 1854 ~

2. Can Parks meet its dual mandate of access and protection?
       As a child my family traveled to numerous National parks across Canada. I tended to place Parks Canada on a pedestal for maintaining pristine wilderness, conservation measures and protection of wildlife. As an adult my view of Parks has drastically shifted. I personally believe that increased access is impeding protection and caused unprecedented stressors on the ecological landscape. Take for example the popular Banff National Park with millions of people visiting annually. I have witnessed development and fragmentation rapidly spreading across the Bow Valley region, further infringing the migratory routes of large carnivores. Large carnivores such as wolves and grizzly bears use valleys to migrate from one alpine region to another, with further human "access" we are diminishing migratory habitats as well as increasing the likelihood of human-animal encounters.  Highways and railways increase animal-mortality rates.  Numerous connecting corridors have been built in BNF, attempting to reconnect fragmented habitats, promote biodiversity as well as reduce mortality rates.  Some designs have proved to be more effective than others, bridge type corridors have been used more readily by elk, grizzly and wolves than have the tunnel designs. Parks Canada can meet its dual mandate of access and protection but the real question is at what price? Do buffer zones need to be implemented around National Parks to account for increased habitat loss? Is it necessary to develop golf courses and large scale resorts that further fragment the  landscape?  Or can we do without? A holistic approach to conservation need to be implemented, ones that
take into consideration ecosystems in their entirety.Current practices are not sustainable because there is a lack of funding and ecological knowlege, crisis is mounting for Canada's National Parks.
Crisis in Canada's National Parks: http://www.carleton.ca/JMC/cnews/02022001/n3.htm
I am glad to see that Parks Canada provides public access to their Environmental Assessment Registry http://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/index_e.cfm

Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) "Freedom to Roam" Creative endeavor by various organizations and NGO's to promote connection between fragmented wild spaces 
http://www.y2y.net/Default.aspx?cid=134&lang=1

    How can this be achieved in Wapusk National Park?  Currently Wapusk National Park offers limited access to visitors, mainly through commercial run operations that are commissioned to work in the park. These guided tours offer polar bear tours over various month as well as aerial views of Wapusk via helicopter tours. Information is offered online as well as at the Wapusk Park office in Churchill sharing he history and biodiversity of the Park. Wapusk is situated in a very remote region of Manitoba that encompasses polar bear range land especially in the summer months. Because of its remote tundra location and the hazards that come along with the region Parks Canada limits access and does not recommend travelling in the park without a professional, authorized tour guide. Not only are they protecting the tundra from harmful human impact but as well they are protecting humans from risk of harm or death.  Wapusk contains a fragile ecosystem, with limited biodiversity that can be easily damaged by human impact. Wapusk does allow research and monitoring of both flora and fauna including Canada goose and permafrost monitoring. These research and monitoring programs are essential to understanding the rich historical, cultural and ecological areas of Wapusk as well as implementing proper management techniques. Traditional access is still permitted within the park.   Since the Management Plan for Wapusk passed legislation in 2007 more activities will be introduced over time. I believe that Parks Canada should learn from their mistake of over-accessibility, keep Wapusk pristine.  In my opinion I believe that Parks Canada can meet its dual mandate of protection and access, access being limited to  reassure protection of humans as well as land and animals in this fragile ecosystem.      More on Wapusk monitoring and research: http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/mb/wapusk/plan/plan2.aspx

     I am taking the train up to Churchill this weekend, I will share my photographs next blog!


3. What future would you like to see for the Alberta Tar Sands?
       The tar sands are truly an environmental travesty, with environmental effects that are far reaching with a scope that are not fully understand. It was interesting speaking with other students openly in class about varying views and perspectives on the tar sands. I read The Big Thaw that only briefly touched on oil exploration in the arctic so I found it helpful to speak with other students who focused intensively on the oil sands. I personally have a strong belief that the oil sands must be phased out. The threat to the environment, humans, water supply and social implications are too potent to let continue. The list of environmental implications is lengthy including boreal forest destruction, mass water usage, high rates of rare cancers appearing in First Nation communities downstream, toxic tailings ponds, loss of habitat as well as the social implications that accompany a boom town such as Fort Mac. The Harper Government cannot continue to avoid curbing greenhouse gas emissions any longer, it is time for our government to take ethical action against the Alberta Tar Sands and invest money in efficient, clean and renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind and fuel cell technology. How will we meet the needs of the global population once fossil fuel deposits are depleted?  The time to transition is now before we reach peak oil and crisis is unavoidable, we must function sustainably so future generations are able to subsist. As Canadians we cannot fall back into complacency and simply except these environmental travesties as 'normal' business. For me the real scary side of the tar sands is the lack of research and analysis into how they are effected water supplies, soil etc.

Top 10 renewable energy sources:  http://listverse.com/2009/05/01/top-10-renewable-energy-sources/


Petropolis-Aerial views of the tar sands (Greenpeace) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJI4voG0w1I



Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) "Freedom to Roam" Creative endeavour by more than various organizations and NGO's to promote connection between fragmented wild spaces.
http://www.y2y.net/Default.aspx?cid=134&lang=1

Activity: David Suzuki's Nature Challenge
The Nature Challenge provides an interactive and informative website that promotes 'green' living. The Challenge provides a step-by-step guide that encourages a greener lifestyle and increased sustainability at home, workplace and community. The reader is able to access a variety of environmental topics including how to reduce your carbon footprint, as well as suggestive guides to create green work spaces and eating healthy for the planet. The website is easy to navigate and provides the reader with well informed information, statistics and hands-on activities. The website encourages environmental responsibility from individuals as well as from the Canadian Government. Activism is encouraged by providing an opportunity for the reader to send emails encouraging the Prime Minister to take an increased leadership role on such environmental issues as offshore drilling and banning harmful pesticides. The website features the "Queen of Green" who provides natural product recipes, ranging from shampoo to carpet cleaners. In a era where environmental issues often seem daunting, it is critical to remind the public that it is the small things that often add up to create change for a healthier planet. Not only does this website suggest hands-on activities towards a healthier planet it also proves to be an important catalyst that promotes important discussions and dialogue. "Change begins with Conversation".
I found this website informative and have found myself visiting it daily to explore the Wildlife & Habitat section. I was inspired by the Queen of Green and am going to take on the challenge of making my own shampoo and floor cleaners, I will blog about my experience! The articles were clear and concise and straight to the point. The site promoted great discussions between my partner and myself and have decided that it is time we 're-green' our home once again. First step: Ordered a Water & Energy Saver Kit from here
http://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_home/water_energy_saver/apply.shtml

Reading Summaries
Selection 42: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
   Jared Diamond a renowned Environmental historian explores the factors, choices and variables that lead past societies to either thrive or collapse. Utilizing historical evidence and speculation Diamond explores the idea that past collapses may have in part been in part triggered by environmental degradation, societies that depleted essential resources necessary for the persistence of life perished. Many societies that persisted utilized sustainable practices like the Tikopian Islanders. Societies that collapsed did so based on differing variables and choices. Diamond draws a parallel between past societal collapses and present day deterioration of societies such as Rwanda. The author carefully states that examining the past will not likely yield simple solutions to present day problems. Diamond continues that with the careful examination of  past societies, their choices and responses may prove helpful with modern day issues such as food shortages and starvation, only if applied properly. Diamond introduces a five point-framework that attempts to explore factors that contributed to environmental damage and most importantly a societies response to these problems. Diamond outlines that importance of choice and response to both past and present day environmental problems. Will modern day societies choose to ignore the degradation and depletion of natural resources? Will we thrive or will we collapse? Diamond encourages environmentalists to challenge pre-conceived ideas, to make choices that will benefit future generations, such as engaging with the most powerful and wealthiest industries to help bring forth understanding and clarity of key environmental issues.

Selection 38: Human Carrying Capacity
             In this article Joel Cohen examines the intricate issues involved with defining the earths carrying capacity.  Based on the dating of agricultural sites and human occupation Cohen outlines the rise and fall of the Easter Island civilization over a twenty century period. With the clearance of land and the rise of agriculture came unchecked human population growth. As population increased, pressure on natural resources ensued. The carrying capacity was no longer sustainable and decline in population continued.
         In this article Cohen challenges the notion that the answer to the earths upper carrying capacity can be definitively defined.  Cohen proposes that a complex and intricate model would be needed to measure the earths upper carrying capacity and this carrying capacity would only be an indicator. Cohen presents the idea that carrying capacity is dependent on variables in populations and activities around the world and since these variable are constantly shifting a definitive answer would prove over time irrelevant. The author uses an analogy of a man lying,standing, walking and running to exemplify changes and shifts in human populations over time, stating that we do not remain at a static state.  Cohen states that we have moved through different stages of equilibrium with the rise of agriculture and the industrial revolution. As humans continue to manipulate and transform the earth at a constant rate it would be useless to define the "human carrying capacity" as we are ever changing. Cohen encourages the reader to remain aware of our impact on the earth, the negative effect of population growth and our depletion of resources rather than defining the earth's carrying capacity as these pose  threats to  future generations integrity and sustainability.


Selection 7: The Tragedy of the Commons
    Garrett Hardin a professor of biology and human ecology  pioneered the controversial term "The Tragedy of the Commons". Hardin is referring to a deliberate change in values or morality when no technical solutions are available for such environmental issues such as over-population and resource depletion. Hardin explores the process of the tragedy of the commons as being one where individuals work out of personal interest, as social stability is sought, negative consequences mount (such as soil degradation and erosion on a pasture) and become the tragedy. Hardin explain that individual are compelled to increase production, extraction etc. "without limit in a world that is limited" (Hardin, p.24). Another example is the limitless use of National Parks which is limited within itself, this limitless use will lead to excessive degradation. Hardin makes a case for coercion, a collective or mutual coercion agreed upon by those affected. A shift in our values and morality is needed. Hardin promotes challenging the status quo, can we continue degrading the environment? Can we put our personal interests aside and see  negative consequences for what they are and how they affect our population? Hardin stands strong in his belief that we must recognize necessity, most importantly the necessity of "abandoning the commons of breeding." The author goes on to state that since there is no technical solution to overpopulation we must adjust our values and morals to avoid "the tragedy of the commons."

Reflections

   Welcome and thank you readers for perusing my blog. Let me start off by saying I am grateful to have a space to share my reflections. What an invaluable tool this will prove to be, a creative way to improve communication skills, share ideas and a place to challenge preconceived ideas and notions.
      Since the beginning of this course I have been reflecting on my lifestyle and questioning how can I take my passion and respect for Nature and the environment to the next level? How can I inspire my family, my community? These have become important endeavors. Maintaining curiosity, knowledge seeking and (the big one)... ACTION has been dancing around my head. I've started dreaming up my Environmental Action plan, I would like to discuss issues around the Beaconia Marsh as I have spent a large portion of my life down the road. Lack of protection, preservation and an increase in erosion and water quality are some of the issues that I have been giving thought to. 

          I have been giving quite a bit of thought to the question "Is there a danger to a growing disconnect from nature?"   I believe there is grave danger that comes with increasing disconnection from Nature with implications that are often catastrophic. As an individual who has worked in childcare for over fourteen years I have seen a drastic disconnect take place before my very eyes. I have witnessed a decrease in the sharing and communication of Natural knowledge from older generations to younger. Curiosity for the Natural world next to non-existent in some older youth. As education becomes increasingly technologically based, our natural world is viewed through a screen with no scent of pines, no touch of bark, no sound of chickadees to invoke curiosity and a sense of adventure for exploring the Natural world in children. I see that this lack of connection fosters a lack of respect for Nature, which in later years CAN cause apathy towards environmental degradation and can also promote a relationship with the Earth that is characterized by domination, exploitation and extraction for monetary gain. Environmental education at a young age is crucial toward the developing a strong connection with Nature. Two great books I have found helpful in this regard are:  "Last Child in the Woods" by Richard Louv and "Let's go Outside: Outdoor Activities and Projects to get your Kids closer to Nature" by Jennifer Ward.  

    With increased disconnect brings forth increased threat of environmental degradation, exploitation, pollution etc. This disconnect is prompted by the mindset that we are not intrinsically connected and sustained by the Earths processes and resources. This growing disconnect has increased drastically since the inception of the industrial revolution, creating buildings with underground parkades and houses with attatched garages, spending little time outdoors but instead enjoying the comforts that technology brings. I strongly believe that this increased disconnect has led the way for our apathy and disregard for Nature flourish. Desire for money, material wealth has overshadowed our desire to understand ecosystems, habitats and our connection to Nature as human beings. I'm not saying that all people hold this perspective. I have a wonderful community of friends that make conscious efforts to live for and with the environment, not against it, to embrace it and stand up for the injustices that Nature is being bombarded with.
  I think about the plan-in-progress to build yet another oil rig off the Gulf of St.Lawrence and the implications another spill will have on the water quality, biodiversity, ecosystem integrity. How many more wake up calls and indicators can the Earth give us? Melting sea ice, eutrophication, dead zones, loss of biodiversity... we have some re-connecting to do. I consciously make an effort to connect with Nature, to learn and grow. For my spiritual and mental health I NEED to get out into the bush, clear my head, pay my respects to the Natural world around me. This is one thing I have learned that keeps me healthy, re-connecting with Nature. I have commuted via bike for the past six years and volunteer time to a community run bike shop in the summer that promotes active transportation, D.I.Y skill development for both children and adults. I see Nature all around me on my bike, although I am often surrounded by vehicle my eyes often scan the horizon, the tree line and the birds of the air.   I am presently taking a Native Studies course and we have spent much time discussing ancient aboriginal traditions of sustainability and environmental stewardship, primarily pertaining to the Plains Cree. The idea that life is a circle, cycling continuously, ebb and flow, seasons go seasons pass live with the ever changing cycles of Nature.  Here is a great place to "re-connect" with Nature at Room to Grow:  http://www.ofek.com/roomtogrow/
        I am very passionate about discussing this issue further and I have decided to put my passion into action. My action and intention is to pioneer a Womans Wilderness Community this month with intentions to re-connect women both young and old with Nature, with various activities including tackling environmental issues. I will post the site when it is up and running!

"How well does the media do in each of these areas?"
   When examining the medias coverage of environmental issues there is a vast spectrum in quality and solid reasoning. One only has to read an article that refers to the same issue but from different broadcasters (let's say CNN and CBC) to see this disparity. Why this disparity? Does it boil down to sponsorship and hidden agendas? Is coverage or lack of coverage socially, politically or industry driven? When I read environmental news I want scientific data that is not distorted, scientific authority that can validate claims, and coverage that is not laden with bias and can handle both sides of the story. As someone who does not own a television I listen to CBC and read up on issues on reputable (hopefully) sites such as:

http://www.sciencemag.org/ and http://www.enn.com/ to stay informed and up to date. I question what I read and often search for various sources that cover the same topic, to get a well rounded opinion. I find that when environmental issues are tackled in the main stream media the focus is usually on  natural disasters or cute animals that are easy to feel sympathetic towards.  Of course these catastrophes are important and are often indicators of the anthropogenic induced fast forward of biogeochemical cycles and natural processes.  I'm always  curious to read about other environmental issues that don't get much coverage from main stream media outlets.

 

For this reflection I have chosen an article from the CBC archive from 2005.  

VANCOUVER - A conservation biologist is urging an all-out assault on the American bullfrog in British Columbia this spring, saying the amphibians are a threat to aquatic ecosystems.

Stan Orchard says the bullfrog has a varied diet. Snakes, turtles and birds have been prey. Even cats aren't safe from the invaders, which can grow to the size of a dinner plate.
The American bullfrog was imported as a delicacy for the dinner table, but now they're doing the dining in increasing numbers. They'll eat just about anything that will fit into their mouths.
At greatest risk are other species of frogs and small ducks. The bullfrogs are blamed for wiping out the Cranberry Lake duck population.
"There's no question about the ecological impact of bullfrogs on the region," Orchard says. "It's going to change water chemistry in some areas, and it's certainly going to remove some species from the local ecosystems."
For years, local biologists have studied the population boom; now Orchard says it's time to act.
"We don't have the luxury of time to really get numbers on the population. What we'll be doing is what's called the removal technique – you simply keep removing them and removing them until your numbers drop off to zero."
Once the ice thaws, Orchard hopes to get to work, zapping the frogs with an electrical charge to stun them and make trapping easier.
Local governments have chipped in cash, but so far, Orchard says it's not nearly enough to win the war. 

Clarity: The writer (and editor!) have missed the most important standard of critical thinking...clarity. The author makes a very general statement that the American Bullfrog is a "threat to aquatic ecosystems"...is this the only threat? Are there other contributing factors? 

Accuracy: The writing style and lack of scientific evidence made me doubt whether the statement was true. Persuaded me to look for more information to fill in the gap if possible. Turns out this statement seems to be true, jut poorly executed. 

Precision: The detail that is provided is quite general, more specific information is required to take this article into serious consideration. "We don't don't have the luxury of time to really get numbers on the population" is an alarming statement...has an environmental assessment been carried out? Has the effect that will take place on the ecosystem after  the frogs have been removed considered? 

Relevance: The writer provides very weak examples and carries out a poor discussion of bullfrogs population explosion being a  threat to the  "aquatic ecosystems". Does not discuss whether or not there are other contributing factors to the decline in local ecosystems?

Breadth: The writer of this article struggles with tunnel-vision. Only one side of the story is shared, that is that that the overpopulation of bullfrogs are 'ecologically impacting the region' and without a full environmental assessment they need to be removed. The author offers no alternate view points or opinions from other biologists, conservationists or the general public as one might expect.

Depth: The suggested solution of electrically zapping the frogs so they can be trapped easily seems  not only an inhumane but also a band-aid solution. Will these bullfrogs be released somewhere else or will they be killed? If there isn't a proper population count, how would they know how many to catch or needed to be caught? How will the absence of these frogs effect the ecosystem? How long have these bullfrogs been present? How many species rely on them for sustenance?  This article lacks appropriate depth to the complexity of the issue at hand

Logic: This article is laden with contradictions. "The bullfrogs are blamed for wiping out the Cranberry Lake duck populations" did they eat the population? Did they effect the water quality? Did they remove their food source? The article also states that the population of bullfrog has been studied for years and it is time to act by removing the frogs to a population of zero, the writer provides no concise or logical evidence that would persuade the reader that this is a scientifically, well researched solution.

   Although this is only an example of one media story, unfortunately I have read many environmental articles such as this that lack solid reporting and poor execution of logic and reasoning. CBC does cover many environmental issues often with excellent reporting and offers a wide range of television shows, podcasts with an emphasis on the environment. One I found informative was from the CBC show, "The Age of Persuasion: Green Marketing" found at http://www.cbc.ca/podcasting/pastpodcasts.html?93#ref93

         

Welcome to my sacred space. I am more than delighted to have a corner of the internet to call my own, to share my thought processes, reflect on environmental concerns and to ponder about my interactions with the natural world.